Groundwater pollution mainly refers to the groundwater caused by human activities which causes changes in the chemical composition, physical properties and biological characteristics of groundwater, leading to a decrease in quality. The following formations are complex and groundwater flow is very slow. Therefore, groundwater pollution is characterized by slow process, difficult to discover and difficult to control. Once the groundwater is polluted, even if the pollution source is completely eliminated, it will take more than ten years, even decades, to restore the water quality. As for the artificial underground aquifer renewal, the problem is even more complicated.
What is water pollution? When dirty and harmful substances enter clean water, it causes water pollution. What are the main sources of water pollution? The water pollution sources are mainly: the discharge of untreated industrial wastewater; and the discharge of untreated sewage, extensive use of fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides, piled up at the side of the river; industrial waste and garbage; and soil erosion; and mine sewage. What disadvantage does water pollution bring? The following are the main substances that cause water pollution, the source, and the disadvantage:
1. Dead organic substances: Example source: Untreated municipal sewage, paper effluent, agricultural sewage, municipal waste, depletion of dissolved oxygen in water, endangering the survival of fish. Lead to hypoxia in the water, resulting in the death of microorganisms requiring oxygen. It is these aerobic microorganisms that are able to decompose organic substances and maintain the ability to purify rivers and streams. The consequences of their deaths are: rivers and streams blackening, stinking, toxins accumulating, harmful to animals and human beings.
2. Organic and inorganic chemicals: Example source: Chemical, papermaking, pharmaceutical factory emissions, tannery wastewater, building decoration, dry cleaning industry, chemical agent, agricultural pesticides, and herbicides. Most organic chemicals are toxic, they enter rivers and lakes can poison water, caused biological and ecological damaged. Some organic chemicals accumulate in aquatic organisms and cause poisoning in humans. The water polluted by organic chemicals is difficult to be purified, and the safety and health of people's drinking water are threatened.
3. Phosphorus: Example source: Washing powder with phosphorus, a large number of phosphorus and nitrogen fertilizer, makes algae overgrowth. Because phosphorus is an important element in the growth of all living things. Phosphorus is rare in nature. When the human sewage discharged into the lake, the phosphorus containing water will cause the algae in the lake to gain abundant nutrition and increase rapidly (called water eutrophication). Which caused bacterial blooms in the lake. High algae in the water more and more thick, finally one part is pressed on the surface under death due to difficult to see the sun. The bacteria at the bottom of the lake are rapidly growing as a nutrient for dead algae. Kills fish and kills lakes. A large number of proliferating bacteria consume oxygen in the water, causing the lake to become oxygen starved, fish that depend on oxygen to die, and then bacteria die of lack of oxygen, eventually resulting in Lake aging and death. A threat to eutrophication of water in coastal areas of the tropics areas, similar to the above situation.
4. Petroleum and chemical detergent: Example source: A large number of used in families and restaurants tableware detergent: most harmful detergent are petrochemical products, it is difficult to degradation, discharged into the river will not only seriously pollute the water, but also accumulate in the aquatic products, and people will suffer from poisoning after eating.
5. Heavy metals (mercury, lead, cadmium, nickel, selenium, arsenic, chromium, thallium, bismuth, vanadium, gold, platinum, silver and other sources): Example source: Mining and smelting process, industrial waste, tannery wastewater, textile wastewater, solid waste (such as batteries, makeup), it has a direct physiological toxicity to people and animals. The use of water containing heavy metals to irrigate crops can lead to heavy metal pollution, resulting in the toxicity of agricultural products. Deposited in the bottom of the river, the bay, through aquatic plants into the food chain, fish and other aquatic products into the human body.
6. Acids: (e.g., sulfuric acid) Example source: Coal mines, other metals (copper, lead, zinc, etc.), mine waste, and acid wastes of factories. Harmful: poison plants in water, causing fish and other aquatic creatures to die. Serious destruction of streams, ponds, and lakes. Suspended solids: Example source: Soil erosion, dumping of wastes into rivers: harmful to water quality, makes it difficult and increase cost of purifying water. Life garbage has many components that are difficult to degrade, such as plastic packaging materials. After they enter the river, not only is very harmful to aquatic organisms (dead after eating), and blocking the river.
7. Oil substances: sources: Example source: Waterborne motor vehicles, oil leakage: destruction of aquatic organisms and ecological environment, reduce fishery production. Polluting aquatic food and endangering human health. The oil leakage on the ocean can cause a large number of marine animals (from fish and shrimp, seabirds to seals, sea lions, etc.) to die. Suggestions:
1. Strengthen the protection of drinking water, the relevant departments should delimit the water source area, set up signs in the District, and strengthen the greening of the intake. Organize personnel to check regularly. Fundamentally eliminate pollution and achieve the purpose of simultaneous treatment.
2. It will play an important role in improving the water environment of our city to increase the control of urban sewage and industrial wastewater and speed up the construction of municipal wastewater treatment factories. At present, with the increase of the city population and the improvement of living standards, waste water emissions in our city is increasing steadily, and the city sewage treatment factories have not increased accordingly, which will inevitably lead to a decline in the quality of water environment. Therefore, it is urgent to build more sewage treatment factories.
3. Strengthen citizens' awareness of environmental protection, improve the environment, not only to governance, and more importantly, through publicity in all aspects to enhance the residents' awareness of environmental protection. Once the environmental awareness of the residents has increased, the behavior of the environment has been reduced naturally.
4. The utilization of wastewater resource with the development of economy, industrial wastewater emissions will increase, if only pay attention to the end of treatment, it is difficult to improve the current situation of water pollution, so we must realize the utilization of wastewater resource. Household water purification and filtration, precipitation (Ming Fan) - charcoal odor - disinfection in water transfer may have occurred during the secondary pollution, so when drinking, not only boiling sterilization but also to use a clean cup: if condition allowed, the family can install household health drinking water appliance.
