Status of drinking water quality and analysis of water related diseases
With the progress of human society and the improvement of people's living standard, the rapid economic development and industrial production have come into being. With the increasingly serious pollution of the environment, water has become an important factor threatening people's health. According to WHO statistics, 80% of human morbidity is related to drinking water unclean. The human beings gain the high economic benefits and enjoy all kinds of industrial production convenience at the same time, survival of the human environment, the water resources destruction and necessary for human life has come to a very serious situation.
1) Global water quality
According to statistics, the world every day has nearly 5000 tons of sewage, the direct discharge of untreated into rivers and lakes, about 40% of the world's rivers have been polluted in varying degrees, in 2002 the United Nations Conference on South Africa, water environment will be one of the most serious crisis challenges for human beings in the future ten years;
WHO pointed out in the report: 20% of the world's population do not have access to clean drinking water, nearly 50% people using unsanitary drinking water, and the water quality due to this situation, the world's 80% diseases and 30% mortality related to water pollution, and water pollution led to the spread of diseases and infectious diseases. Water quality and water resources and how to drink water has become a global concern of scientists and research problems.
Mentioned in the 1981 report on global water quality, a total of 2221 kinds of harmful pollutants found, 765 found in drinking water, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (UXEPA) put forward 129 kinds of water pollutants must blacklist, 114 kinds of pollutants with carcinogenic, teratogenic the mutation caused by the human body.
2) Water quality in China
Since the reform and opening up, China rapid economic growth, while the attendant is shocking water environmental pollution or environmental pollution, Chinese has become one of the world's large sewage emission, driven by economic interests, the sewage treatment capacity is relatively low, more than half of the untreated sewage directly or indirectly discharged into the rivers and lakes, seriously pollute water resource. According to the State Environmental Protection Administration (Environmental Protection Department) and the Ministry of water resources, Ministry of construction unit survey: more than 80% of the city have different degrees of pollution, nearly 70% of the water is not conforming to the provisions of the country’s water standard.
3) Types of pollution that cannot be removed after boiling and disadvantages
1. Water sensory pollution
A. Color change: natural water is colorless and transparent. Polluted water can change the color of water and affect the sense organs. Such as pollution, wastewater often makes water turn red, refining wastewater pollution can make water turn black and brown, and so on, water color changes not only affect the senses, damage the landscape, but also difficult to deal with.
B. Turbidity change: the water contains sediment, organic substances and inorganic substances suspended substances and colloids, resulting in turbidity, so as to reduce water transparency, and affect the senses, and even affect the life of aquatic livings.
C. Bubble: many pollutants are discharged into water and cause scum, such as detergents. Bubbles that float on the surface affect not only impressions, but also bacteria in their pores, causing pollution of domestic water.
D. Odor: foul smell in water is a common phenomenon of pollution. Water odor is mostly organics in the methane odor, it is a comprehensive odor, which is a clear drain odor. The disadvantage of the stench is the suffocating, nausea, aquatic products cannot be eaten, water tourism function lost.
2. Water organic substances pollution
Mainly refers to urban sewage, food industry and paper industry, such as emissions of wastewater containing large amounts of organic pollutants caused by pollution. These pollutants in water by biological oxidation decomposition processes, need to consume a large amount of dissolved oxygen in water, once the oxygen supply not enough, the oxidation will stop, caused anaerobic fermentation of organic substances, stench, environmental pollution, and harmful to aquatic organisms.
3. Inorganic pollution of water
Pollution of acid, alkali and inorganic salts to water. Firstly change the PH value of water, destroy its natural buffering effect, inhibit microbial growth and hinder water purification. At the same time, it also increases the hardness of inorganic salts and water in water, and has a negative impact on industrial and domestic water.
4. Toxic pollution of water
When all kinds of poisonous substances enter the water, at high concentration, they will kill the living creatures in water. When they are low, they can be enriched in the organism and gradually enriched through the food chain. Finally, it affects the human body.
5. Eutrophication pollution of water
The wastewater containing plant nutrients enters the water, causing eutrophication of the water, causing algal blooms, and consuming large amounts of dissolved oxygen in the water, leading to suffocation and fish death.
6. Water oil pollution
The development of coastal and estuarine petroleum, oil ships transportation and the discharge of wastewater from refining industry result in oil pollution. When oil forms oil film on the surface of water, it will affect oxygen entering the water and harmful to the organism. In addition, oil pollution also damages beaches, recreation sites, scenic spots and the survival of birds.
7. Pathogenic microorganism pollution in water
Domestic sewage, hospital sewage and slaughtering, meat processing and other sewage containing all kinds of viruses, bacteria, parasites and other pathogenic microorganisms, once they get into the water will spread all kinds of diseases.
8. Radioactive contamination of water
Pollution of radioactive substances into water. Radioactive material comes mainly from nuclear waste. Radioactive contamination can lead to biological aberrations, disrupting biological genetic makeup and carcinogenesis. The decay period of nuclear material is too long to handle.
9. Secondary pollution of tap water
A. At present, China's water treatment method is to add chlorine, fluorine and lime, and some of the activated carbon, while inhibiting bacterial growth, but also lead to drinking water by more chemicals pollution.
B. The storage tank of a building is a hothouse for all kinds of bacteria and mosses. If not closed or closed bad will cause more mice, cockroaches, reptiles will go in and out, and even fall into the pool.
C. Galvanized pipe rust is also one of the sources of pollution
According to statistics: health incidents caused by the pollution of drinking water secondary water supply reservoir pollution, the north of a big city from 1990 to 1998, 29 cases occurred in secondary water pollution. In 2001, a southern city resident took 500 tank water samples for inspection, the qualified rate was only 75%, complaints of water tanks from residents 100% unqualified, secondary water pollution occurred in July to September, the total proportion of secondary water pollution accidents was 50%.
4) Impurities that cannot be removed after boiling water and human diseases
1. Stones: Human common stones are bile, kidney, bladder, stomach stones, because these four organs are human filter tube, both water and blood are required to pass through these areas, after a certain period of time after the precipitation of various impurities in water will cause gallstone diseases.
2. Hose disease: mercury pollution is one of the main reasons causing hose disease, severe damage to the kidney and central nervous system and will cause dementia.
3. Gout: cadmium is the main reason for causing the gout, and cadmium pollution is mainly the direct cause of metal plating and chemical industrial wastewater pollution, cadmium pollution will make people body joints in pain, this is a kind of chronic poisoning symptoms.
4. Lead poisoning: the lead exceed the standard is a relatively common phenomenon of water pollution, inside the human body it has gradually accumulated to form chronic poisoning, constipation, loss of appetite, anemia, abdominal pain, muscle paralysis and neurological symptoms.
5. Chromium poisoning: it can cause vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, uremia.
6. Arsenic mainly exists in natural dyes, water, soil, salt, aquatic products, animals and plants, mainly exists by the form of sulfide, once it gets into the human body, it can cause some circulatory failure and other symptoms of poisoning of gastrointestinal and nerve. Of particular note is the WHO International Cancer Institute has listed arsenic and its compounds as the carcinogen.
7. Phosphorus: excessive phosphorus can lead to hyperphosphatemia, which can lower blood calcium and cause osteoporosis. While the daily washing supplies of human beings contain phosphorus, and the pollution of groundwater and water by domestic water is very difficult to avoid and control.
8. Above all kinds of impurities in the water pollution and secondary pollution, disadvantages on the human body including: cholera, dysentery, typhoid, hepatitis and polio, a firmly believe of drinking water contamination and carcinogens have been found up more than twenty or thirty kinds.
5) Misunderstanding of Chinese traditional methods of using water
Misunderstanding One: Using after boiling
Many people a belief that drinking water that is not boiled would be getting sick for a long time, so to drink boiling water is a sure thing. Of course, this may be an effective means of disinfection for less polluted water in the past, but there are also many negative impacts:
1. Boiling water only kill bacteria and virus, corpses of killed bacteria and virus still exists in the water, which gets into the body called “pyrogens” by medicine, the reason of a common clinical "unknown fever" is from that.
2. In the process of boiling water cannot get rid of heavy metals, water scale and carcinogenic substances.
3. Boiling water loses too much oxygen. It is common sense that watering flowers by boiling water, the flowers will die; breeding fish by boiling water, the fish will die. Drinking boiling water is not conducive to offering oxygen to the body. Drinking for a long time is not conducive to human metabolism.
A container made of aluminum or iron when boiling water, water nitrite (a strong carcinogen) significantly increased. According to reports, to boil water with iron container, water nitrite will increase 2-3 times, and to boil water with aluminum container, water nitrite will increase significantly as the boiling time extend, after boiling for 5 minutes it will be ten times of raw water, after boiling for 20 minutes it will increase to nearly a hundred times......
Tap water contains more chlorine, during the cooking, the chlorine in the water will destroy the vitamin B1 in rice, after a long time, there will be a series of symptoms in human body such as indigestion, dermatitis and so on.
In the habit of China’s drinking water tradition, from thousands of years it has been using boiling water in directly or indirectly way. A medical care research shows that the boiling water temperature can only reach up to 100 degrees. While the water temperature of 100 degrees can only remove cholera, legionella, malaria and other bacteria in the water, while the corpse of bacteria will get into human body directly or indirectly during using and drinking.
Misunderstanding Two: Lack of understanding of heavy metals and organic pollutants
Whether to use water after boiled, or cooking, cooking soup, shower, Chinese always believe that water after burning will be no bacteria, safe to drink, and never pay attention to other impurities, such as mercury, arsenic, lead, cadmium, chromium and other organic pollutants, even many local residents live nearby industrial areas and long-term drinking and using industrial areas’ water directly or indirectly discharged by the factories, and even use discharge sewage, polluted river water or groundwater, after a period of time to cause of strange diseases and gets attention, but at this time, the damage to the body and the newborn has been unable to compensate; according to the relevant statistics show: Jiangsu province cancer patients accounted for 12% of cancer patients, and a shocking fact that there was a cancer village. Jiangsu province is a province with abundant water resources. However, in May of 2007, in Wuxi, about 3000000 people were affected by blue-green algae outbreak, which led to drinking water problems. And cyanobacteria toxins entering the human body could lead to liver cancer.
The above is the basic situation of water resources in China. We should know more about it so as to make better use and protection of water resources, and choose the healthiest drinking water!
